Arizona State University (ASU) HCR240 Human Pathophysiology Test 1 Practice

The cellular response to injury is characterized by a series of physiological changes aimed at restoring homeostasis and repairing damaged tissues. One of the primary processes involved in this response is the margination and emigration of white blood cells, also known as leukocytes, to the site of injury.

When tissue is injured, various signaling molecules are released, prompting local blood vessels to become more permeable and facilitating the movement of white blood cells from the bloodstream into the affected tissue. Margination refers to the process where white blood cells move to the periphery of blood vessels, while emigration involves the actual exit of these cells from the bloodstream into the tissue where they participate in the inflammatory response. This is crucial for combating infection, clearing debris, and facilitating the healing process.

The other options represent processes that are important to tissue health but are not central to the immediate cellular response to injury. Replication of epithelial cells focuses on tissue regeneration, maturation of red blood cells pertains to hematopoiesis, and formation of new blood vessels, known as angiogenesis, is a longer-term process involved in healing rather than a direct response to an initial injury. Thus, the margination and emigration of white blood cells is the key process that characterizes the acute phase of