What characterizes metabolic acidosis?

Metabolic acidosis is characterized by a decrease in blood pH as well as a decrease in bicarbonate (HCO3-) levels. This condition occurs when there is an accumulation of acids in the body or a significant loss of bicarbonate, leading to an increase in hydrogen ion concentration, which in turn lowers the pH of the blood.

In metabolic acidosis, the body responds by attempting to compensate through respiratory mechanisms, often resulting in increased rates of breathing to expel carbon dioxide, which can help raise the pH back toward normal levels. However, the hallmark feature remains the acidic environment indicated by a lower pH and reduced bicarbonate concentration.

The correct answer reflects these changes, making it clear how the metabolic processes are disrupted in this condition.