What is atrial fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation is characterized by disorganized electrical signals in the atria, leading to an irregular and often rapid heartbeat. In this condition, myocardial cells in the left atrium depolarize prematurely, which disrupts the normal contraction of the atria. As a result, the atria do not contract effectively, leading to an increased risk of blood clots and stroke due to stagnant blood flow in the atria.

Understanding this pathophysiological process is crucial because it highlights how atrial fibrillation can lead to complications such as thromboembolic events, which can cause strokes. The irregular heart rhythm can be detected on an electrocardiogram (ECG) and is often associated with various risk factors, including hypertension, heart disease, and age.

The other options do not accurately describe atrial fibrillation. For example, the repetitive rhythmic jerking of limbs pertains more to seizure activity rather than a cardiac condition. A type of stroke resulting from a blood vessel rupture is more accurately described as a hemorrhagic stroke, and systemic inflammation due to an infection typically refers to sepsis or similar conditions rather than a cardiac rhythm disorder. Thus, understanding the mechanics of atrial fibrillation helps address its clinical implications and management strategies in patient