What type of bonding do integrins form with other substances?

Integrins are a type of transmembrane receptor that play a crucial role in cell adhesion and signaling. They primarily engage in heterophilic interactions, which means they bind to different types of molecules, specifically glycoproteins and various ligands found in the extracellular matrix or on other cells. This capability allows integrins to facilitate a variety of cellular processes, including cell migration, tissue repair, and immune responses.

The binding of integrins to ligands is critical for maintaining the structural integrity of tissues and for transmitting signals from the extracellular environment to the cell interior, influencing cellular behavior and function. This context highlights why heterophilic reactions are essential for integrin function, distinguishing them from the other types of bonding mentioned in the options.

In contrast to the correct answer, options like homophilic interactions would imply that integrins bind only to similar proteins, which is not their primary function. Covalent bonds with DNA segments and hydrogen bonds with water molecules are also incorrect, as integrins do not bind to DNA directly, nor do they primarily interact with water molecules through hydrogen bonding in this context.