Which of the following is a nonphysiologic effect of hyperplasia?

Hyperplasia refers to an increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, often resulting from a stimulus. In the context of the choices provided, the option indicating endometrial thickening leading to abnormal bleeding represents a nonphysiologic effect of hyperplasia.

In a healthy physiological state, hyperplasia serves to replace lost tissue or to increase the capacity of a tissue in response to a specific demand, such as increased red blood cell production at high altitudes or liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy. Hormonal stimulation can also lead to a normal and balanced growth response in tissues like the endometrium during the menstrual cycle.

However, endometrial thickening leading to abnormal bleeding signifies a pathological state. This type of hyperplasia occurs without a normal physiological trigger or proper regulation. Instead of serving a beneficial purpose, such as tissue repair or adaptation to environmental demands, it may result in dysfunctional uterine bleeding, which could lead to other complications. Thus, this option highlights a nonphysiologic response to stimuli that does not align with normal adaptive or compensatory mechanisms in the body.